**Description:**The actual value is not a member of the set of permitted data values in the constrained value domain of a variable. (e.g., concept not provided by required code system).

Usage Notes: This flavor and its specializations are most commonly used with the CD datatype and its flavors. However, it may apply to *any* datatype where the constraints of the type are tighter than can be conveyed. For example, a PQ that is for a true measured amount whose units are not supported in UCUM, a need to convey a REAL when the type has been constrained to INT, etc.

With coded datatypes, this null flavor may only be used if the vocabulary binding has a coding strength of CNE. By definition, all local codes and original text are part of the value set if the coding strength is CWE.

Description: The actual value has not yet been encoded within the approved value domain.

Example: Original text or a local code has been specified but translation or encoding to the approved value set has not yet occurred due to limitations of the sending system. Original text has been captured for a PQ, but not attempt has been made to split the value and unit or to encode the unit in UCUM.

Usage Notes: If it is known that it is not possible to encode the concept, OTH should be used instead. However, use of UNC does not necessarily guarantee the concept will be encodable, only that encoding has not been attempted.

Data type properties such as original text and translations may be present when this null flavor is included.

**Description:**A proper value is applicable, but not known.

Usage Notes: This means the actual value is not known. If the only thing that is unknown is how to properly express the value in the necessary constraints (value set, datatype, etc.), then the OTH or UNC flavor should be used. No properties should be included for a datatype with this property unless:

1. Those properties themselves directly translate to a semantic of "unknown". (E.g. a local code sent as a translation that conveys 'unknown')
2. Those properties further qualify the nature of what is unknown. (E.g. specifying a use code of "H" and a URL prefix of "tel:" to convey that it is the home phone number that is unknown.)

Values expected for a normal member of the relevant control population being measured. Typically each results producer such as a laboratory has specific normal ranges and they are usually defined as within two standard deviations from the mean and account for 95.45% of this population.

The range that is recommended by a relevant professional body.

The range at which treatment would/should be considered.

The optimal range for best therapeutic outcomes.

An expected range in an individual prior to puberty.

An expected range in an individual during the follicular stage of the cycle.

An expected range in an individual during the midcycle stage of the cycle.

An expected range in an individual during the luteal stage of the cycle.

An expected range in an individual post-menopause.

The optimal range for best therapeutic outcomes for a specimen taken immediately before administration.

The optimal range for best therapeutic outcomes for a specimen taken immediately after administration.